cag repeat tract  (Brinkmann Instruments)

Journal: Brain Pathology

Article Title: Abnormal scaffold attachment factor 1 expression and localization in spinocerebellar ataxias and Huntington’s chorea

doi: 10.1111/bpa.12872

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased binding of SAFB1 to Ataxin 1 with an expanded glutamine tract . A. The top 10 most SAFB1 bound RNA transcripts with the total number of iCLIP SAFB1 cross‐link sites from three independent experiments. B. The red line depicts the location of the ATXN1 gene on chromosome 6. The majority of the SAFB1 binding sites occur in RNA encoded by exon 8 of ATXN1 and in the region containing CAG repeat sequence (blue hatched lines). A screengrab taken from the genome browser shows the sense (brown) and antisense (blue) SAFB1 iCLIP binding sites. The binding sites relative to the amino‐acids encoded by the SAFB1 bound sequences are shown in a 3′‐5′ orientation. Note the SAFB1 cross‐link site will correspond to the amino‐acid most 5′ to the sense sequence and 3′ to the antisense sequence. The numbers within the schematic of the sense binding sites show the number of SAFB1 cross‐link sites in each of these individual experiments. C i. Western blotting of protein lysates from RNA immunoprecipitation experiments, probed for SAFB1. SAFB1 is present in both ATXN1‐30Q transfected and ATXN1‐85Q transfected cell lysates immunoprecipitated using a SAFB1 antibody (IP). There is no SAFB1 protein detected in IgG control lysates (IgG). Expected molecular weight for SAFB1 is 102KDa (arrow). ii. Relative levels of ATXN1 RNA bound to SAFB1 protein. SAFB1 protein was immunoprecipitated from HeLa cells transfected with plasmids containing ATXN1‐30CAG (physiological) or ATXN1‐85CAG (pathological expansion). The relative expression level of ATXN1 RNA associated with SAFB1 protein is significantly increased in ATXN1‐85 CAG compared to ATXN1‐30 CAG (unpaired, two‐tailed t ‐test t (4) = 3.76, P = 0.01). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: After 24 h, HeLa cells were transfected with DNA plasmids containing FLAG‐tagged ataxin1 (ATXN1) with either a normal CAG repeat tract (pcDNA1 Flag ATXN1[30Q]) or a pathologically expanded CAG repeat tract (pcDNA1 Flag ATXN1[85Q]). pcDNA1 Flag ATXN1[30Q] and pcDNA1 Flag ATXN1[85Q] were kind gifts from Huda Zoghbi ( ) (Addgene plasmid #33236 and #33237, respectively).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Sequencing, Western Blot, RNA Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Control, Molecular Weight, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Article Title: Transient Developmental Purkinje Cell Axonal Torpedoes in Healthy and Ataxic Mouse Cerebellum

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00248

Figure Lengend Snippet: Developmental torpedoes appear normal in SCA6 84Q/84Q mice that later develop disease-related torpedoes. (A) Sample images of Purkinje cells (purple, labeled with calbindin) from 2-year-old WT (left) and litter-matched SCA6 84Q/84Q mice that have more disease-related Purkinje cell axonal torpedoes. White arrows point to torpedoes. Scale bar, 20 μm. (B) Although the number of Purkinje cell axonal torpedoes are high in SCA6 84Q/84Q mice (purple) compared to WT mice (white bars) at an age when Purkinje cell death is observed (right) , there are no statistically significant differences in the number of torpedoes observed during development at P11 in these mice (left), and torpedo numbers are low in 7-month-old mice when disease symptoms first appear (middle) . These results suggest that developmental torpedoes are not directly related to disease-related torpedoes, as they appear at normal levels in late-onset disease models. Significance determined by Student’s t -test, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ns P > 0.05.

Article Snippet: For the SCA6 84Q/84Q disease model we used transgenic mice harboring a humanized 84-CAG repeat tract in the mouse Cacna1a locus (Jackson laboratories; strain B6.129S7-Cacna1a tm3Hzo /J; stock number: 008683) ( ).

Techniques: Labeling